Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open (Sep 2023)

Novel Validated Five-point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of Static and Dynamic Forehead Lines

  • Tingsong Lim, MD,
  • Martina Kerscher, MD,
  • Alexandra Ogilvie, MD,
  • Tatjana Pavicic, MD,
  • Paul Z. Lorenc, MD,
  • Konstantin Frank, MD,
  • Valentina Prinz, MBA,
  • Mia Cajkovsky,
  • Rainer Pooth, MD, PhD,
  • Claudia Hernandez, MD

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000005287
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 9
p. e5287

Abstract

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Background:. The objective of this investigation was to create and validate five-point photonumeric scales which assess static and dynamic forehead lines. Methods:. Two different novel five-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of static and dynamic forehead lines were developed. Moreover, a photoguide was created, including subjects from both sexes, all age groups, and different Fitzpatrick skin types. A total of 11 raters from all over the world were involved in the digital validation, whereas four raters performed a live validation. Results:. The Croma Static Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale showed almost perfect inter and intra-rater agreement in both the digital and the live setting with inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–0.89] in the first digital rating and 0.82 [95% CI: 0.78–0.86] in the second digital rating. The Croma Dynamic Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale showed almost perfect inter and intra-rater agreement in the digital setting with inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.83 [95% CI: 0.79–0.86] in the first digital rating and 0.80 [95% CI: 0.75–0.84] in the second rating and almost substantial agreement in the live setting. Conclusions:. The Croma Static Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale and the Croma Dynamic Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale have excellent inter and intra-rater agreements to be justifiably used in the clinical and study setting, both digitally and live across ethnic groups.