The Effects of Consuming White Button Mushroom <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> on the Brain and Liver Metabolome Using a Targeted Metabolomic Analysis
Gloria I. Solano-Aguilar,
Sukla Lakshman,
Saebyeol Jang,
Richi Gupta,
Aleksey Molokin,
Steven G. Schroeder,
Patrick M. Gillevet,
Joseph F. Urban
Affiliations
Gloria I. Solano-Aguilar
Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Sukla Lakshman
Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Saebyeol Jang
Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Richi Gupta
Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Science & Technology Campus, Manassas, VA 20108, USA
Aleksey Molokin
Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Steven G. Schroeder
Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Patrick M. Gillevet
Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Science & Technology Campus, Manassas, VA 20108, USA
Joseph F. Urban
Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
A targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on tissues derived from pigs fed diets supplemented with white button mushrooms (WBM) to determine the effect on the liver and brain metabolome. Thirty-one pigs were fed a grower diet alone or supplemented with either three or six servings of freeze-dried WBM for six weeks. Tissue metabolomes were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combined with chemical similarity enrichment analysis (ChemRICH) and correlated to WBM-induced changes in fecal microbiome composition. Results indicated that WBM can differentially modulate metabolites in liver, brain cortex and hippocampus of healthy pigs. Within the glycero-phospholipids, there was an increase in alkyl-acyl-phosphatidyl-cholines (PC-O 40:3) in the hippocampus of pigs fed six servings of WBM. A broader change in glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids was detected in the liver with a reduction in several lipid species in pigs fed both WBM diets but with an increase in amino acids known as precursors of neurotransmitters in the cortex of pigs fed six servings of WBM. Metabolomic changes were positively correlated with increased abundance of Cryomorphaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Flammeovirgaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the microbiome suggesting that WBM can also positively impact tissue metabolite composition.