From Cellulose, Shrimp and Crab Shells to Energy Storage EDLC Cells: The Study of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes
Shujahadeen B. Aziz,
Muhamad. H. Hamsan,
Muaffaq M. Nofal,
Saro San,
Rebar T. Abdulwahid,
Salah Raza Saeed,
Mohamad A. Brza,
Mohd F. Z. Kadir,
Sewara J. Mohammed,
Shakhawan Al-Zangana
Affiliations
Shujahadeen B. Aziz
Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
Muhamad. H. Hamsan
Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Muaffaq M. Nofal
Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P. O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Saro San
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
Rebar T. Abdulwahid
Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
Salah Raza Saeed
Charmo Research Center, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
Mohamad A. Brza
Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
Mohd F. Z. Kadir
Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Sewara J. Mohammed
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
Shakhawan Al-Zangana
Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmyan, Kalar 46021, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
In this study, solid polymer blend electrolytes (SPBEs) based on chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) salt were synthesized using a solution cast technique. Both Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed a strong interaction and dispersion of the amorphous region within the CS:MC system in the presence of NH4F. To gain better insights into the electrical properties of the samples, the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were analyzed by electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) modeling. The highest conductivity of 2.96 × 10−3 S cm−1 was recorded for the sample incorporated with 40 wt.% of NH4F. Through transference number measurement (TNM) analysis, the fraction of ions was specified. The electrochemical stability of the electrolyte sample was found to be up to 2.3 V via the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study. The value of specific capacitance was determined to be around 58.3 F/g. The stability test showed that the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) system can be recharged and discharged for up to 100 cycles with an average specific capacitance of 64.1 F/g. The synthesized EDLC cell was found to exhibit high efficiency (90%). In the 1st cycle, the values of internal resistance, energy density and power density of the EDLC cell were determined to be 65 Ω, 9.3 Wh/kg and 1282 W/kg, respectively.
