Further Understanding of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinogenesis: Potential Therapeutic Targets

Abstract

Ioannis A Voutsadakis1,2 1Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; 2Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, CanadaCorrespondence: Ioannis A Voutsadakis Algoma District Cancer ProgramSault Area Hospital, 750 Great Northern Road, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6B 0A8, CanadaEmail [email protected]: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common type of ovarian cancer and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to advanced stage at presentation. Recent years have witnessed progress in the therapy of HGSOC with the introduction of PARP (poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase) inhibitors and the anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody bevacizumab to the backbone of chemotherapy or as maintenance therapy after chemotherapy. The improved molecular understanding of ovarian cancer pathogenesis, which has brought these therapies into the clinic, aspires to extend the boundaries of therapies through elucidation of other molecular aspects of ovarian carcinogenesis. This accumulating knowledge has started to be translated to additional targeted therapies that are in various stages of development. These include inhibitors of the function of other proteins involved in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), such as WEE1 kinase, ATM/ATR kinases and CDK12 inhibitors. Despite disappointing results with immune checkpoint inhibitors monotherapy, harnessing the immune system in HGSOC with combination therapies that promote antigen production and immune cell activation is an avenue being explored. This paper examines arising HGSOC therapies based on molecular understanding of pathogenesis.Keywords: ovarian cancer, serous, genomics, targeted therapies, adavosertib, immunotherapy

Keywords

• ovarian cancer
• serous
• genomics
• targeted therapies
• adavosertib
• immunotherapy.