Electrochemical sensors based on modified graphene electrode for real-time monitoring of cancer drug concentrations in biological fluids

Abstract

This work reports on the creation of an electrochemical sensor for the real-time monitoring of paclitaxel (PCX) concentrations in biological fluids. The sensor is based on a poly-melamine-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode (p-Melamine/rGO/GCE). The electrochemical sensor revealed a linear relationship between the peak current of the DPVs and PCX concentrations between 1 and 1180 μM, with a detection limit of 12 nM. The Ip value of PCX dropped to 98.15% of the starting value after 25 days, indicating excellent stability and repeatability of the p-Melamine/rGO/GCE sensors, which were assessed for long-term stability. The sensor's peak currents of PCX did not exhibit any significant variation when 50 μM organic compounds and inorganic ions were present, suggesting that it could find application in clinical samples. Relative standard deviation values for recovery tests on prepared urine samples ranged from 3.36% to 4.72%. In the area of chemotherapeutic agent monitoring, this work presents a novel method that shows remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in the real-time monitoring of PCX concentrations in biological fluids. The suggested sensor offers a practical and affordable means of tracking PCX concentrations in biological fluids in real time, with potential uses in therapeutic medication monitoring and clinical diagnostics.

Keywords

• Poly-Melamine
• Reduced Graphene Oxide
• Nanocomposite
• Paclitaxel
• Electrochemical Sensor