Using HPLC–DAD and GC–MS Analysis Isolation and Identification of Anticandida Compounds from Gui Zhen Cao Herbs (Genus <i>Bidens</i>): An Important Chinese Medicinal Formulation
Kulsoom Zahara,
Yamin Bibi,
Saadia Masood,
Sobia Nisa,
Abdul Qayyum,
Muhammad Ishaque,
Khurram Shahzad,
Waseem Ahmed,
Zahid Hussain Shah,
Hameed Alsamadany,
Seung-Hwan Yang,
Gyuhwa Chung
Affiliations
Kulsoom Zahara
Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Yamin Bibi
Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Saadia Masood
Department of Statistics & Mathematics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Sobia Nisa
Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
Abdul Qayyum
Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
Muhammad Ishaque
Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Khurram Shahzad
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
Waseem Ahmed
Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
Zahid Hussain Shah
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Hameed Alsamadany
Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Seung-Hwan Yang
Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 59626, Korea
Gyuhwa Chung
Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 59626, Korea
Gui Zhen Cao is an herbal formulation that has been documented in Chinese traditional medicine as a remedy for diarrhea, dysentery, inflammation, and toxicity. The sources of this formulation (Bidens pilosa L., Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff, Bidens bipinnata L.) are also listed in ethnomedicinal reports all over the world. In this study, all these plants are tested for in vitro anticandida activity. A quantitative evaluation of the phytochemicals in all these plants indicated that their vegetative parts are rich in tannins, saponins, oxalates, cyanogenic glycoside and lipids; moreover, the roots have high percentages of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols. The results indicated significant anticandida activity, especially for the hexane extract of B. bipinnata leaves which inhibited C. albicans (42.54%), C. glabrata (46.98%), C. tropicalis (50.89%), C. krusei (40.56%), and C. orthopsilosis (50.24%). The extract was subjected to silica gel chromatography and 220 fractions were obtained. Purification by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC–DAD) and Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis led to the identification of two anticandida compounds: dehydroabietic and linoleic acid having an inhibition of 85 and 92%, respectively.
