Evolution of Delusional Disorder across the DSM editions

Abstract

Introduction States compatible with “Delusional disorder” have been described since the XIX century. Esquirol mentioned “irrational ideas and actions that would develop via logical and plausible arguments”; Kraepelin referred to the condition as “paranoia” and considered that hallucinations could not be present– unlike Bleuler, who considered them to be a possible feature. The criteria for delusional disorder have suffered several changes in the last centuries. Objectives We aim to review the evolution of the criteria for delusional disorder across the editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Methods Review of DSM editions. Results Criteria for the diagnosis of “paranoia” (DSM III) or “delusional disorder” (DSM III-IV.V) underwent several changes. In the first editions hallucinations could not be prominent (DSM-III-IIIR) and in the DSM IV, only tactile or olfactory hallucinations related to delusions could be present. In DSM-V hallucinations of other modalities related to the delusional theme can be present. Regarding delusional themes, the first edition of the DSM III regarded persecutory delusions only – which was changed in the DSM-III-R, with the inclusion of grandiose, jealous, erotomaniac, and somatic. Only in the DSM-V did the occurrence of bizarre delusions become possible in delusional disorder. Across the editions, there is a consensus about the absence of negative symptoms, absence of disorganized speech, and that the behavior is not odd aside from delusional content. Conclusions The most debatable symptoms across centuries in the classification of delusional disorders were: presence of hallucinations, the nature of the delusional content, and inclusion of bizarre delusions. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Keywords

• Delusional disorder