Tight adherent feature on optical coherence tomography predict postoperative visual outcome in epiretinal membrane eyes

Abstract

Abstract Background To identify the predictive parameter among preoperative measurements that best predicts postoperative visual outcome in the epiretinal membrane (ERM). Methods Thirty-three consecutive patients with idiopathic unilateral ERM patients between 2015 and 2018 were enrolled. Nineteen healthy normal eyes were selected as an independent age-matched group. Based on preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT), we further divided the patients with ERM into two groups: type 1, loosely attached ERM, and type 2, tight adherent ERM. We documented the vision and thickness of various retinal layers: nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer retinal layer (ORL), and retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch complex layer before and after the surgery. The association between postoperative visual acuity and these variables was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results All retinal layers of ERM eyes were thicker than the normal eyes (P < 0.05). Among ERMs, we identified 11 eyes with type 1 adhesions and 22 eyes with type 2 adhesions. The preoperative GCL + IPL layers were significantly thicker in type 2 patients than in type 1 patients (93.67 ± 33.03 um vs 167.71 ± 13.77 um; P = 0.023). Greater GCL + IPL thickness was correlated with a worse postoperative visual acuity and multiple linear regression analysis showed that GCL + IPL thickness was an independent predictor of postoperative visual acuity (VA) (beta value = 0.689; P = 0.012). A greater thickness of GCL + IPL layers of type 2 patients had worse postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P = 0.028). Ectopic inner foveal layers with disappearance of fovea pit were persistently presented in OCT profiles of both groups. Conclusion Idiopathic ERM demonstrated significantly thicker inner retinal layers (GCL + IPL and INL). However, the ORL thickness was similar between the normal eyes and ERM eyes. The preoperative GCL + IPL layers were significantly thicker in patients with type 2 ERM than that in patients with type 1 ERM. The increase in GCL + IPL thickness was significantly correlated with worse postoperative visual outcomes.

Keywords

• ERM
• Outer retinal layer
• Inner retinal layer
• Ectopic inner retinal layer