Concept Development and Field Testing of Wireless Outdoor Indicator System for Use in Monitoring Exposures at Work among Malaysian Traffic Police
Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil,
Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof,
Karmegam Karuppiah,
Irniza Rasdi,
Vivien How,
Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin,
Muhammad Hasnolhadi Samsudin,
Sivasankar Sambasivam,
Nayef Shabbab Almutairi
Affiliations
Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof
Engineering and Technology Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
Karmegam Karuppiah
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Irniza Rasdi
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Vivien How
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Muhammad Hasnolhadi Samsudin
Department of Construction Management, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
Sivasankar Sambasivam
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Nayef Shabbab Almutairi
Department Public Health, Al-Lith College of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 3712, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
Real-time exposure air monitoring is essential to protect the respiratory health of the Malaysian traffic police. However, the data from monitoring stations have been inadequate to provide accurate information about their exposure. This report describes the conceptual design of a wireless exposure indicator system, and then evaluates the field performance of the system by collocation. The study tested the accuracy of particulate matter size 2.5 (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by comparing the measurements from the prototype with the measurements from reference instruments. The field testing found that the data tested were significantly correlated with each other (PM2.5-rs = 0.207, p = 0.019; NO2-rs = 0.576, p = 0.02 and CO-rs = 0.545, p = 0.04). The prototype proved to be successful as it can compute and transmit real-time monitoring data on the level of exposure to harmful air.
