On the characteristics of the wake of a wind turbine undergoing large motions caused by a floating structure: an insight based on experiments and multi-fidelity simulations from the OC6 project Phase III

S. Cioni; F. Papi; L. Pagamonci; A. Bianchini; N. Ramos-García; G. Pirrung; R. Corniglion; A. Lovera; J. Galván; R. Boisard; A. Fontanella; P. Schito; A. Zasso; M. Belloli; A. Sanvito; G. Persico; L. Zhang; Y. Li; Y. Zhou; S. Mancini; K. Boorsma; R. Amaral; R. Amaral; A. Viré; C. W. Schulz; S. Netzband; R. Soto-Valle; D. Marten; R. Martín-San-Román; P. Trubat; C. Molins; R. Bergua; E. Branlard; J. Jonkman; A. Robertson

doi:10.5194/wes-8-1659-2023

Wind Energy Science (Nov 2023)

On the characteristics of the wake of a wind turbine undergoing large motions caused by a floating structure: an insight based on experiments and multi-fidelity simulations from the OC6 project Phase III

S. Cioni,
F. Papi,
L. Pagamonci,
A. Bianchini,
N. Ramos-García,
G. Pirrung,
R. Corniglion,
A. Lovera,
J. Galván,
R. Boisard,
A. Fontanella,
P. Schito,
A. Zasso,
M. Belloli,
A. Sanvito,
G. Persico,
L. Zhang,
Y. Li,
Y. Zhou,
S. Mancini,
K. Boorsma,
R. Amaral,
R. Amaral,
A. Viré,
C. W. Schulz,
S. Netzband,
R. Soto-Valle,
D. Marten,
R. Martín-San-Román,
P. Trubat,
C. Molins,
R. Bergua,
E. Branlard,
J. Jonkman,
A. Robertson

Affiliations

S. Cioni: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
F. Papi: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
L. Pagamonci: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
A. Bianchini: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
N. Ramos-García: Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
G. Pirrung: Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
R. Corniglion: EDF R&D, Chatou, 78400, France
A. Lovera: EDF R&D, Palaiseau, 91120, France
J. Galván: Department of Wind Energy, eureka!, Errigoiti, 48309, Spain
R. Boisard: Aerodynamic Department, Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales, Paris, 92190, France
A. Fontanella: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
P. Schito: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
A. Zasso: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
M. Belloli: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
A. Sanvito: Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratory of Fluid-Machines, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
G. Persico: Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratory of Fluid-Machines, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
L. Zhang: Multi-function Towing Tank Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
Y. Li: Multi-function Towing Tank Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
Y. Zhou: Multi-function Towing Tank Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
S. Mancini: Wind Energy Department, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, 1755 LE, the Netherlands
K. Boorsma: Wind Energy Department, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, 1755 LE, the Netherlands
R. Amaral: Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, 76800, France
R. Amaral: Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HS, the Netherlands
A. Viré: Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HS, the Netherlands
C. W. Schulz: Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Ship Theory, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
S. Netzband: Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Ship Theory, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
R. Soto-Valle: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
D. Marten: Chair of Fluid Dynamics, Hermann-Föttinger-Institut, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
R. Martín-San-Román: Wind Energy Department, Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables (CENER), Sarriguen, 31621, Spain
P. Trubat: Nautical Science and Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
C. Molins: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
R. Bergua: National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
E. Branlard: National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
J. Jonkman: National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
A. Robertson: National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1659-2023
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 8
pp. 1659 – 1691

Abstract

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This study reports the results of the second round of analyses of the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued, with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project Phase III. While the first round investigated rotor aerodynamic loading, here, focus is given to the wake behavior of a floating wind turbine under large motion. Wind tunnel experimental data from the UNsteady Aerodynamics for FLOating Wind (UNAFLOW) project are compared with the results of simulations provided by participants with methods and codes of different levels of fidelity. The effect of platform motion on both the near and the far wake is investigated. More specifically, the behavior of tip vortices in the near wake is evaluated through multiple metrics, such as streamwise position, core radius, convection velocity, and circulation. Additionally, the onset of velocity oscillations in the far wake is analyzed because this can have a negative effect on stability and loading of downstream rotors. Results in the near wake for unsteady cases confirm that simulations and experiments tend to diverge from the expected linearized quasi-steady behavior when the rotor reduced frequency increases over 0.5. Additionally, differences across the simulations become significant, suggesting that further efforts are required to tune the currently available methodologies in order to correctly evaluate the aerodynamic response of a floating wind turbine in unsteady conditions. Regarding the far wake, it is seen that, in some conditions, numerical methods overpredict the impact of platform motion on the velocity fluctuations. Moreover, results suggest that the effect of platform motion on the far wake, differently from original expectations about a faster wake recovery in a floating wind turbine, seems to be limited or even oriented to the generation of a wake less prone to dissipation.

Published in Wind Energy Science

ISSN: 2366-7443 (Print); 2366-7451 (Online)
Publisher: Copernicus Publications
Country of publisher: Germany
LCC subjects: Technology: Mechanical engineering and machinery: Renewable energy sources
Website: http://www.wind-energy-science.net

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