Frontiers in Immunology (Nov 2020)

Association Between Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, Eryptosis, Red Blood Cell Microparticles, and Vascular Function in Sickle Cell Anemia

  • Elie Nader,
  • Elie Nader,
  • Marc Romana,
  • Marc Romana,
  • Marc Romana,
  • Nicolas Guillot,
  • Romain Fort,
  • Romain Fort,
  • Romain Fort,
  • Emeric Stauffer,
  • Emeric Stauffer,
  • Emeric Stauffer,
  • Nathalie Lemonne,
  • Yohann Garnier,
  • Yohann Garnier,
  • Yohann Garnier,
  • Sarah Chambers Skinner,
  • Sarah Chambers Skinner,
  • Maryse Etienne-Julan,
  • Mélanie Robert,
  • Alexandra Gauthier,
  • Alexandra Gauthier,
  • Giovanna Cannas,
  • Giovanna Cannas,
  • Sophie Antoine-Jonville,
  • Benoît Tressières,
  • Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources,
  • Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources,
  • Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources,
  • Yves Bertrand,
  • Cyril Martin,
  • Cyril Martin,
  • Céline Renoux,
  • Céline Renoux,
  • Céline Renoux,
  • Philippe Joly,
  • Philippe Joly,
  • Philippe Joly,
  • Marijke Grau,
  • Philippe Connes,
  • Philippe Connes,
  • Philippe Connes

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.551441
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11

Abstract

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Chronic hemolysis, enhanced oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability promote vasculopathy in sickle cell anemia (SCA). Oxidative stress and NO are known to modulate eryptosis in healthy red blood cells (RBCs); however, their role in SCA eryptosis and their impact on the genesis of RBC-derived microparticles (RBC-MPs) remains poorly described. RBC-MPs could play a role in vascular dysfunction in SCA. The aims of this study were to evaluate the roles of oxidative stress and NO in eryptosis and RBC-MPs release, and to determine whether RBC-MPs could be involved in vascular dysfunction in SCA. Markers of eryptosis and oxidative stress, plasma RBC-MPs concentration and arterial stiffness were compared between SCA and healthy (AA) individuals. In-vitro experiments were performed to test: 1) the effects of oxidative stress (antioxidant: n-acetylcysteine (NAC); pro-oxidant: cumene hydroperoxide) and NO (NO donor: sodium nitroprusside (SNP); NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NIO)) on eryptosis, RBC deformability and RBC-MP genesis; 2) the effects of SCA/AA-RBC-MPs on human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) inflammatory phenotype and TLR4 pathway. Eryptosis, RBC-MPs, oxidative stress and arterial stiffness were increased in SCA. NAC increased RBC deformability and decreased eryptosis and RBC-MPs release, while cumene did the opposite. SNP increased RBC deformability and limited eryptosis, but had no effect on RBC-MPs. L-NIO did not affect these parameters. Arterial stiffness was correlated with RBC-MPs concentration in SCA. RBC-MPs isolated directly from SCA blood increased adhesion molecules expression and the production of cytokines by HAEC compared to those isolated from AA blood. TLR4 inhibition alleviated these effects. Our data show that oxidative stress could promote eryptosis and the release of RBC-MPs that are potentially involved in macrovascular dysfunction in SCA.

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