European Journal of Medical Research (Jan 2023)

Diagnosis, pathophysiology and preventive strategies for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a narrative review

  • Ying Yu,
  • Chenning Li,
  • Shuainan Zhu,
  • Lin Jin,
  • Yan Hu,
  • Xiaomin Ling,
  • Changhong Miao,
  • Kefang Guo

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-00990-2
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 28, no. 1
pp. 1 – 18

Abstract

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Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, accompanied by a substantial economic burden. The pathogenesis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is multifactorial and complex, with a variety of pathophysiological theories. In addition to the existing diagnostic criteria, the exploration and validation of biomarkers is the focus of research in the field of CSA-AKI diagnosis. Prevention remains the key to the management of CSA-AKI, and common strategies include maintenance of renal perfusion, individualized blood pressure targets, balanced fluid management, goal-directed oxygen delivery, and avoidance of nephrotoxins. This article reviews the pathogenesis, definition and diagnosis, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological prevention strategies of AKI in cardiac surgical patients.

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