Peculiarities of the organization of the cultivation technology and natural spawning of pike
Abstract
The main area of development of aquaculture in our country today is pond fish farming, which has a long history of development. Pike is a very valuable species in aquaculture, especially for pond culture in polyculture with carp or pasture aquaculture in lakes. Ukraine has significant resource potential for growing marketable pond fish in farms, as a promising form of production organization. The direction of the development of polyculture in fish farming is a promising direction that develops and is effectively implemented in fish farming every year. Polyculture is based on such main objects of aquaculture as carp and herbivorous fish, as well as additional ones – pike, catfish, zander, tench, crucian carp. Currently, special attention in the development of polyculture is directed to the cultivation of pike. Stocking with pike brings not only additional fish productivity due to the realization of growth potential, eating low-value fish species, acting as a biomeliotrator, but also stimulates the growth of the main fish species. Using a rational ecosystem of ponds with the targeted formation of its trophic links under optimal polyculture, it is possible to obtain natural fish productivity in the grazing form of fish farming from 1 to 1.6 t/ha and more. This summer's marketable pike can be and expediently grown both in relatively small and sufficiently large feeding carp ponds, provided that trash fish are distributed in them, and these ponds must also be drainable. The cultivation of the main objects of fish farming is improved thanks to the introduction of pike into polyculture. It eats low-value fish, which contributes to better growth productivity of carp and herbivorous fish. In addition, the pike itself is a valuable object of fishing, which brings the conditions of growing commercial fish in farms closer to natural ones. The highest efficiency can be achieved thanks to the exact selection of technological parameters of the entire fish farming process. Numerous factors must be taken into account here: the temperature regime of the reservoir, dissolved substances, the development of the natural fodder base, the optimal density of fish planting, the rational ratio of species in polyculture, etc. Thus, given the appropriate parameters, this technology ensures greater efficiency of the industry and creates prerequisites for increasing its competitiveness.
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