Байкальский медицинский журнал (Dec 2022)
The role of genetics in modern medicine
Abstract
The lecture examines the role of modern genetics and its significance for medicine. The goals of genetics and its structure are determined. It is shown that modern medical genetics is divided into general genetics, clinical genetics and laboratory genetics. Also highlighted are such areas of genetics as genomics, molecular and biochemical genetics, cytogenetics, developmental genetics, oncogenetics and immunogenetics, pharmacogenetics, population genetics, ecological genetics, nutrigenetics, toxigenetics. It is noted that about 20-40% of clinic patients are patients with hereditary pathology. The main possibilities of modern genetics, such as sequencing of the human genome, molecular genetic diagnosis of hereditary pathology, personalized medicine, genetic certification, identification of genetic markers of oncological diseases, determination of individual sensitivity to drugs using pharmacogenetics methods, gene therapy of previously incurable diseases, bioengineering in the field of medicine and genome editing. The issues of biological aging of the body and the possibility of prolonging active longevity by the methods of modern genetics are touched upon. Conclusions are drawn about the need to introduce into the system of higher medical education knowledge, skills in the field of propaedeutics of clinical genetics, genetic testing, interpretation of its results, treatment and prevention using modern genetics methods.
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