Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine (Apr 2024)

Atypical mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly diagnosed through the identification of a novel pathogenic mutation in EFTUD2

  • Ying Chen,
  • Run Yang,
  • Xin Chen,
  • Naier Lin,
  • Chenlong Li,
  • Yaoyao Fu,
  • Aijuan He,
  • Yimin Wang,
  • Tianyu Zhang,
  • Jing Ma

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.2426
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 4
pp. n/a – n/a

Abstract

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Abstract Background Mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM, OMIM# 610536) is a rare monogenic disease that is caused by a mutation in the elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2 gene (EFTUD2, OMIM* 603892). It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysplasia, microcephaly, malformed ears, cleft palate, growth and intellectual disability. MFDM can be easily misdiagnosed due to its phenotypic overlap with other craniofacial dysostosis syndromes. The clinical presentation of MFDM is highly variable among patients. Methods A patient with craniofacial anomalies was enrolled and evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. To make a definitive diagnosis, whole‐exome sequencing was performed, followed by validation by Sanger sequencing. Results The patient presented with extensive facial bone dysostosis, upward slanting palpebral fissures, outer and middle ear malformation, a previously unreported orbit anomaly, and spina bifida occulta. A novel, pathogenic insertion mutation (c.215_216insT: p.Tyr73Valfs*4) in EFTUD2 was identified as the likely cause of the disease. Conclusions We diagnosed this atypical case of MFDM by the detection of a novel pathogenetic mutation in EFTUD2. We also observed previously unreported features. These findings enrich both the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MFDM.

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