Prostate malignant tumor and benign prostatic hyperplasia microenvironments in black African men: Limited infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK‐cells, and high frequency of CD73+ stromal cells

Abstract

Abstract Background Anti‐cancerous immunology has yet to be investigated in the African black population, despite being the dawn of precision medicine. Aim Here we investigated the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in black Africans. Methods Through immunohistochemistry analysis of prostate cancer and BPH patients' biopsies, we investigated the expression and distribution of CD73, CCD8 T‐lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. In addition, we looked at tumor‐infiltrating features CD8 T‐lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Results We show for the first time in black Africans a high expression of CD73 in epithelial‐stromal cells and virtually no infiltration of CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the tumoral area. In addition, CD73 was seven (7) times more likely to be expressed in prostate cancer stromal tissues than in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (odds ratio = 7.2; χ2 = 21; p < .0001). In addition, PSA concentration was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in BPH patients (p < .001). Also, the PSA‐based ROC. analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.87 (p < .0001). Conclusion CD73 expression is more likely expressed in prostate cancer stromal tissues than in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. The features of prostate cancer in Black Africans suggest CD73 expression as a possible target for immunotherapy in this population.

Keywords

• benign prostatic hyperplasia
• cancer
• CD73
• CD8 T‐lymphocytes
• natural killer
• prostate