Nature and Science of Sleep (Aug 2021)
Hypnotic Suggestions Increase Slow-Wave Parameters but Decrease Slow-Wave Spindle Coupling
Abstract
Jonas Beck,1 Maren Jasmin Cordi,1,2 Björn Rasch1,2 1Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; 2Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Björn RaschDivision of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A-de-Faucigny 2, Fribourg, CH-1700, SwitzerlandTel +41 26 300 7637Email [email protected]: Sleep, in particular slow-wave sleep, is beneficial for memory consolidation. In two recent studies, a hypnotic suggestion to sleep more deeply increased the amount of slow-wave sleep in both a nap and a night design. In spite of these increases in slow-wave sleep, no beneficial effect on declarative memory consolidation was found. As coupling of slow-waves and sleep spindles is assumed to be critical for declarative memory consolidation during sleep, we hypothesized that the missing memory benefit after increased SWS could be related to a decrease in slow-wave/spindle coupling.Participants and Methods: Data from 33 highly hypnotizable subjects were retrieved from a nap (n = 14) and a night (n = 19) study with a similar design and procedure. After an adaptation session, subjects slept in the sleep laboratory for two experimental sessions with polysomnography. Prior to sleep, a paired-associate learning task was conducted. Next, subjects either listened to a hypnotic suggestion to sleep more deeply or to a control text in a randomized order according to a within-subject design. After sleep, subjects performed the recall of the memory task. Here, we conducted a fine-grained analysis of the sleep data on slow-waves, spindles and their coupling.Results: In line with our hypothesis, listening to a hypnosis tape decreased the percentage of spindles coupled to slow-waves. Slow-wave parameters were consistently increased, but sleep spindles remained unaffected by the hypnotic suggestion.Conclusion: Our results suggest that selectively enhancing slow-waves without affecting sleep spindles might not be sufficient to improve memory consolidation during sleep.Keywords: memory consolidation, learning, SWS, co-occurrence, slow-oscillation, hypnosis
