The effectiveness of technologies for the cultivation of winter wheat with different levels of biologization in the conditions of the Kursk region

Abstract

The results of studies on the efficiency of winter wheat cultivation technologies, including fertilization systems with different levels of biologization, are presented. It was found that during the cultivation of winter wheat using intensive technology with a mineral fertilization system, the reserves of productive moisture in the arable layer of the soil were almost equal to the reserves of moisture when cultivated using intensive technology (without fertilization). In variants with the cultivation of winter wheat according to the technology with a 50% level of biologization, the reserves of productive moisture in the arable layer of the soil increased by 0.9 mm, and by a 100% level - by 1.6 mm. Higher reserves of nitrate-nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer before sowing winter wheat were noted in variants where it was cultivated using biotechnology with a 100% supply of nutrients from organic fertilizers. A decrease in the level of biologization of the technology to 50% led to a decrease in the reserves of nitrate-nitrogen by 2.5 kg/ha. The highest weediness of winter wheat crops was noted when it was cultivated using technologies with 50 and 100% biologization levels - 70.6-92.0 pcs/m2. Compared to the mineral fertilization system, when using organic fertilizers, there is an increase in weediness of winter wheat crops by 5.8-18.1%. The highest yield of winter wheat was obtained by cultivating it using intensive technology - 5.98 t/ha. Technologies with 50 and 100% biologization levels ensured the production of 5.87 and 5.41 t/ha, respectively.