Serologic evidence of dengue and chikungunya among patients with acute febrile illness in Ghana, 2016 – 2018

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to describe the exposure levels to Dengue and Chikungunya viruses among individuals presenting with febrile illnesses in Ghana between January 2016 to June 2018. Methods: The study was conducted in health facilities in seven selected regions in Ghana; namely, Ashanti, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper West, Volta, and Western regions. Patients who met the case definition were enrolled in the study. A total of 1105 blood samples were collected from patients from 2016 to 2018 and serological analysis of Dengue and Chikungunya viruses were performed with ELISA IgM and IgG commercial kits (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Results: Analysed results indicated that Dengue and Chikungunya viruses showed seropositivity of 62.0 % and 40.0 % respectively. All processed samples tested negative for Dengue and Chikungunya using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. Greater Accra and Ashanti regions recorded the highest positivity for Chikungunya and Dengue fever viruses respectively. Conclusion: Though no detection of Dengue and Chikungunya using molecular tools, the seropositivity suggests the need for an established surveillance for arboviruses to monitor transmission of these pathogens for epidemic preparedness and response.

Keywords

• Chikungunya
• Dengue fever
• Serological
• Virus
• ELISA IgM and IgG
• Ghana