Frontiers in Pharmacology (Nov 2019)
Association Study of the Complement Component C4 Gene in Tardive Dyskinesia
- Clement C. Zai,
- Clement C. Zai,
- Clement C. Zai,
- Clement C. Zai,
- Arun K. Tiwari,
- Arun K. Tiwari,
- Gwyneth C. Zai,
- Gwyneth C. Zai,
- Gwyneth C. Zai,
- Natalie Freeman,
- Jennie G. Pouget,
- Jennie G. Pouget,
- James Greco,
- Maria Tampakeras,
- Sajid A. Shaikh,
- Deanna Herbert,
- Heather Emmerson,
- Sheraz Y. Cheema,
- Nicole Braganza,
- Daniel J. Müller,
- Daniel J. Müller,
- Daniel J. Müller,
- Aristotle N. Voineskos,
- Aristotle N. Voineskos,
- Aristotle N. Voineskos,
- Gary Remington,
- Gary Remington,
- Gary Remington,
- James L. Kennedy,
- James L. Kennedy,
- James L. Kennedy
Affiliations
- Clement C. Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clement C. Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clement C. Zai
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clement C. Zai
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arun K. Tiwari
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arun K. Tiwari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gwyneth C. Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gwyneth C. Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gwyneth C. Zai
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Natalie Freeman
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Jennie G. Pouget
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Jennie G. Pouget
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- James Greco
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Maria Tampakeras
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sajid A. Shaikh
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Deanna Herbert
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heather Emmerson
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sheraz Y. Cheema
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Nicole Braganza
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel J. Müller
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel J. Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel J. Müller
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gary Remington
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gary Remington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gary Remington
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- James L. Kennedy
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- James L. Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- James L. Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01339
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 10
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that may develop in schizophrenia patients being treated long-term with antipsychotic medication. TD interferes with voluntary movements and leads to stigma, and can be associated with treatment non-adherence. The etiology of TD is unclear, but it appears to have a genetic component. There is emerging evidence of immune dysregulation in TD. In the current study, we set out to investigate the complex schizophrenia-associated complement component 4 (C4) gene for possible association with TD occurrence and TD severity as assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) in a sample of 129 schizophrenia patients of European ancestry. We have genotyped the copy numbers of long and short forms of C4A and C4B gene variants in 129 European ancestry patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We did not find predicted C4A or C4B expression to be nominally associated with TD risk or severity. However, we found the number of copies of C4BL to be nominally associated with TD severity (p = 0.020).
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