Antibiotics (Feb 2023)

The Assessment of Multiplex PCR in Identifying Bacterial Infections in Patients Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

  • Iulia Bogdan,
  • Tejaswi Gadela,
  • Felix Bratosin,
  • Catalin Dumitru,
  • Alin Popescu,
  • Florin George Horhat,
  • Rodica Anamaria Negrean,
  • Razvan Mihai Horhat,
  • Ion Cristian Mot,
  • Adrian Vasile Bota,
  • Carmen Nicoleta Stoica,
  • Bogdan Feciche,
  • Andrei Nicolae Csep,
  • Roxana Manuela Fericean,
  • Gratiana Nicoleta Chicin,
  • Iosif Marincu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030465
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 3
p. 465

Abstract

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Bacterial infection can occur in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in various conditions, resulting in poorer outcomes, such as a higher death rate. This current systematic review was conducted in order to assess the efficiency of multiplex PCR in detecting bacterial infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as well as to analyze the most common bacterial pathogens and other factors that interfere with this diagnosis. The research was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, Taylor&Francis, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library). Out of 290 studies, nine were included in the systematic review. The results supported the use of multiplex PCR in detecting bacteria, considering its high sensitivity and specificity rates. The most common bacterial pathogens found were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. The median age at admission was 61.5 years, and the majority of patients were men (70.3%), out of a total of 1553 patients. The proportion of ICU admission was very high, with a pooled proportion of 52.6% over the analyzed studies, and an average duration of hospitalization of 13 days. The mortality rate was proportionally high, as was the rate of ICU admission, with a pooled mortality of 24.9%. It was discovered that 65.2% of all patients used antibiotics before admission, with or without medical prescription. Antibiotic treatment should be considered consciously, considering the high risks of developing antibiotic resistance.

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