Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare (Apr 2021)

Predictors of Length of Hospital Stay, Mortality, and Outcomes Among Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Alwafi H,
  • Naser AY,
  • Qanash S,
  • Brinji AS,
  • Ghazawi MA,
  • Alotaibi B,
  • Alghamdi A,
  • Alrhmani A,
  • Fatehaldin R,
  • Alelyani A,
  • Basfar A,
  • AlBarakati A,
  • Alsharif GF,
  • Obaid EF,
  • Shabrawishi M

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 14
pp. 839 – 852

Abstract

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Hassan Alwafi,1 Abdallah Y Naser,2 Sultan Qanash,3,4 Ahmad S Brinji,5 Maher A Ghazawi,5 Basil Alotaibi,6 Ahmad Alghamdi,7 Aisha Alrhmani,7 Reham Fatehaldin,7 Ali Alelyani,7 Abdulrhman Basfar,7 Abdulaziz AlBarakati,7 Ghaidaa F Alsharif,7 Elaf F Obaid,7 Mohammed Shabrawishi7,8 1Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan; 3King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Radiology, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 6College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Respiratory Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammed ShabrawishiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, 24242, Saudi ArabiaTel +966555500592Email [email protected]: COVID-19 pandemic is a major strain on health and economic systems, with rapidly increasing demand for in patients’ facilities. Disease diagnosis and estimating patients at higher risk is important for the optimal management during the pandemic. This study aimed to identify the predictors of mortality and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2020 and August 2020 at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. All patients who were admitted and had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patients’ demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes. Multiple logistic/linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of death and length of stay at the hospital.Results: A total of 706 patients were hospitalised for COVID-19. The mean age was 48.0 years (SD: 15.6 years). More than half of the patients (68.5%; n= 292) were males. The median duration of stay at the hospital was 6.0 days (IQR: 300– 10:00). The prevalence rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among the patients was 3.0% (n= 21). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (AOR: 1.05; 1.02– 1.09), patients with end-stage renal disease (AOR: 6.44; 2.20– 18.87), low Oxygen saturation SPO2 (AOR: 9.92; 4.19– 23.50), D.dimer > 0.5 (AOR: 13.31; 5.45– 32.49), ESR> 10 mm/h (AOR: 4.08; 1.72– 9.68), Ferritin> 400mcg/L (AOR: 18.55; 6.89– 49.96), and Procalcitonin> 0.5ug/L (AOR: 8.23; 1.81– 37.40) were associated with a higher risk of death among patients with COVID-19. Patients with VTE (AOR: 12.86; 3.07– 53.92) were at higher risk of death due to COVID-19.Conclusion: Hospitalised COVID-19 patients have multiple negative consequences in terms of their laboratory findings, signs and symptoms. Age and end-stage renal diseases have a significant impact on the mortality rate and the length of hospital stay among COVID-19 patients.Keywords: COVID-19, hospitalisation, length of stay, survival, ICU, Saudi Arabia

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