Frontiers in Medicine (Sep 2020)
Role of Lung Microbiome in Innate Immune Response Associated With Chronic Lung Diseases
- Keshav Raj Paudel,
- Keshav Raj Paudel,
- Vivek Dharwal,
- Vivek Dharwal,
- Vyoma K. Patel,
- Vyoma K. Patel,
- Izabela Galvao,
- Izabela Galvao,
- Ridhima Wadhwa,
- Ridhima Wadhwa,
- Vamshikrishna Malyla,
- Vamshikrishna Malyla,
- Sj Sijie Shen,
- Sj Sijie Shen,
- Kurtis F. Budden,
- Nicole G. Hansbro,
- Nicole G. Hansbro,
- Annalicia Vaughan,
- Annalicia Vaughan,
- Ian A. Yang,
- Ian A. Yang,
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish,
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish,
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish,
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish,
- Mary Bebawy,
- Kamal Dua,
- Kamal Dua,
- Kamal Dua,
- Philip M. Hansbro,
- Philip M. Hansbro,
- Philip M. Hansbro
Affiliations
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vivek Dharwal
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vyoma K. Patel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vyoma K. Patel
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Izabela Galvao
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Izabela Galvao
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ridhima Wadhwa
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vamshikrishna Malyla
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vamshikrishna Malyla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sj Sijie Shen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sj Sijie Shen
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kurtis F. Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Nicole G. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nicole G. Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Annalicia Vaughan
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Annalicia Vaughan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Ian A. Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Ian A. Yang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Maija R J Kohonen-Corish
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kamal Dua
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Philip M. Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00554
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 7
Abstract
Respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, and lung cancer, pose a huge socio-economic burden on society and are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In the past, culture-dependent techniques could not detect bacteria in the lungs, therefore the lungs were considered a sterile environment. However, the development of culture-independent techniques, particularly 16S rRNA sequencing, allowed for the detection of commensal microbes in the lung and with further investigation, their roles in disease have since emerged. In healthy individuals, the predominant commensal microbes are of phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, including those of the genera Veillonella and Prevotella. In contrast, pathogenic microbes (Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas) are often associated with lung diseases. There is growing evidence that microbial metabolites, structural components, and toxins from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria have the capacity to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, and therefore can contribute to the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Here we review the multiple mechanisms that are altered by pathogenic microbiomes in asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and lung fibrosis. Furthermore, we focus on the recent exciting advancements in therapies that can be used to restore altered microbiomes in the lungs.
Keywords
