Molecules (Dec 2022)

UPLC-MS-ESI-QTOF Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Extracts of <i>Spondias tuberosa</i>

  • Antonia Thassya Lucas dos Santos,
  • Joara Nályda Pereira Carneiro,
  • Rafael Pereira da Cruz,
  • Débora Lima Sales,
  • Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade-Pinheiro,
  • Maria Audilene de Freitas,
  • Marta Regina Kerntopf,
  • Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes,
  • Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos Ribeiro,
  • Edy Sousa de Brito,
  • Francisco Lucas Alves Batista,
  • Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães,
  • Ivo C. Pita Neto,
  • Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga,
  • Radosław Kowalski,
  • Grazyna Kowalska,
  • Aleksandra Szopa,
  • Tomasz Baj,
  • Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010305
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 28, no. 1
p. 305

Abstract

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This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of the Spondias tuberosa aqueous leaf and root extracts (EALST and EARST) and to evaluate their effect, comparatively, against opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to a Quadrupole/Time of Flight System (UPLC-MS-ESI-QTOF) was employed for chemical analysis. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis standard strains and clinical isolates were used (CA INCQS 40006, CT INCQS 40042, CA URM 5974, and CT URM 4262). The 50% Inhibitory Concentration for the fungal population (IC50) was determined for both the intrinsic action of the extracts and the extract/fluconazole (FCZ) associations. The determination of the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and the verification of effects over fungal morphological transitions were performed by subculture in Petri dishes and humid chambers, respectively, both based on micro-dilution. UPLC-MS-ESI-QTOF analysis revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The association of the extracts with fluconazole, resulted in IC50 values from 2.62 µg/mL to 308.96 µg/mL. The MFC of the extracts was ≥16,384 µg/mL for all tested strains, while fluconazole obtained an MFC of 8192 µg/mL against C. albicans strains. A reduction in MFC against CA URM 5974 (EALST: 2048 µg/mL and EARST: 1024 µg/mL) occurred in the extract/fluconazole association.

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