Heliyon (Aug 2024)
Pan-cancer analysis reveals GGPS1 plays an important role in tumorigenesis in multiple tumor types
Abstract
The deletion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (GGPS1) has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of multiple cells. Although emerging evidence has demonstrated a correlation between GGPS1 and cancer, no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted to date. This study explored the potential tumorigenesis of GGPS1 using data from the cancer genome atlas human clinical database. GGPS1 expression was considerably upregulated at both the RNA and protein levels in several cancer types, especially in breast carcinoma (BRCA), (liver) hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC/HCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Amplification is the most common form of genetic alteration observed in invasive BRCA, ovarian epithelial tumor and HCC. Additionally, elevated GGPS1 expression was markedly related to poor patient prognosis and overall survival in several cancer types including LIHC. GGPS1 expression was also linked to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration in several cancer types, such as BRCA and LUAD. Moreover, GGPPS-interacting proteins and GGPS1-correlated genes in cancers were functionally enriched in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, and metabolic pathways. These results indicate that GGPS1 may play a role in promoting the tumorigenesis and tumor development, particularly in BRCA and LUAD, and may play a role in steroid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways.
