Commentary: Can in vitro valve testing reliably predict clinical outcomes?Central Message

• Hugo M.N. Issa, MD,
• Fraser Rubens, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC

Affiliations

Hugo M.N. Issa, MD

Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Fraser Rubens, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC

Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Address for reprints: Fraser Rubens, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Suite 3401, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada.