Preclinical and Clinical Antioxidant Effects of Natural Compounds against Oxidative Stress-Induced Epigenetic Instability in Tumor Cells
Abdelhakim Bouyahya,
Naoual El Menyiy,
Loubna Oumeslakht,
Aicha El Allam,
Abdelaali Balahbib,
Abdur Rauf,
Naveed Muhammad,
Elena Kuznetsova,
Marina Derkho,
Muthu Thiruvengadam,
Mohammad Ali Shariati,
Nasreddine El Omari
Affiliations
Abdelhakim Bouyahya
Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat P.O. Box 1014, Morocco
Naoual El Menyiy
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796 Fez 30 000, Morocco
Loubna Oumeslakht
Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
Aicha El Allam
Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat P.O. Box 1014, Morocco
Abdelaali Balahbib
Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat P.O. Box 1014, Morocco
Abdur Rauf
Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Swabi 23430, Pakistan
Naveed Muhammad
Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Elena Kuznetsova
Department of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, 95 Komsomolskaya St., 302026 Orel, Russia
Marina Derkho
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, South-Urals State Agrarian University, 13 Gagarin St., Chelyabinsk Region, 457100 Troitsk, Russia
Muthu Thiruvengadam
Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
Mohammad Ali Shariati
Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73, Zemlyanoy Val St., 109004 Moscow, Russia
Nasreddine El Omari
Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 19 Rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad, Rabat P.O. Box 9154, Morocco
ROS (reactive oxygen species) are produced via the noncomplete reduction in molecular oxygen in the mitochondria of higher organisms. The produced ROS are placed in various cell compartments, such as the mitochondria, cytoplasm, and endoplasmic reticulum. In general, there is an equilibrium between the synthesis of ROS and their reduction by the natural antioxidant defense system, called the redox system. Therefore, when this balance is upset, the excess ROS production can affect different macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and sugars, which can lead to an electronic imbalance than oxidation of these macromolecules. Recently, it has also been shown that ROS produced at the cellular level can affect different signaling pathways that participate in the stimulation of transcription factors linked to cell proliferation and, consequently, to the carcinogenesis process. Indeed, ROS can activate the pathway of tyrosine kinase, MAP kinase, IKK, NF-KB, phosphoinositol 3 phosphate, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). The activation of these signaling pathways directly contributes to the accelerated proliferation process and, as a result, the appearance of cancer. In addition, the use of antioxidants, especially natural ones, is now a major issue in the approach to cancer prevention. Some natural molecules, especially phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants, have now shown interesting preclinical and clinical results.