New route for preparing palmitic acid imidazole from free fatty acid using imidazole

Adeeb Hayyan; Wan Jefrey Basirun; Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh; Mohamad Hamdi Zainal-Abidin; Waleed Al Abdulmonem; Rana Abdullah Alghamdi; Laila Alhussain; Abdullah S.M. Aljohani; M.Y. Zulkifli; Boey Min-Wei; Jehad Saleh; Fathiah M. Zuki; Mohamed E.S. Mirghani

Catalysis Communications (Oct 2023)

New route for preparing palmitic acid imidazole from free fatty acid using imidazole

Adeeb Hayyan,
Wan Jefrey Basirun,
Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh,
Mohamad Hamdi Zainal-Abidin,
Waleed Al Abdulmonem,
Rana Abdullah Alghamdi,
Laila Alhussain,
Abdullah S.M. Aljohani,
M.Y. Zulkifli,
Boey Min-Wei,
Jehad Saleh,
Fathiah M. Zuki,
Mohamed E.S. Mirghani

Affiliations

Adeeb Hayyan: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Wan Jefrey Basirun: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Mohamad Hamdi Zainal-Abidin: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Waleed Al Abdulmonem: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
Rana Abdullah Alghamdi: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
Laila Alhussain: Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah S.M. Aljohani: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
M.Y. Zulkifli: Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Boey Min-Wei: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Jehad Saleh: Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Fathiah M. Zuki: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Mohamed E.S. Mirghani: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 183
p. 106749

Abstract

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In this study, imidazole was used for the first time in esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) from acidic oil and for palmitic acid imidazole production. The FFA content in jatropha oil mixed with crude palm oil (CPO) was significantly reduced from 10.57% to 1.73% under the following optimum conditions (25% imidazole dosage, 30 mins of reaction time, reaction temperature at 60 °C and methanol to oil molar ratio of 20:1). This research opens up new possibilities for utilizing imidazole as a catalyst in various esterification processes, offering a promising and eco-friendly pathway for industrial applications.

Published in Catalysis Communications

ISSN: 1566-7367 (Print); 1873-3905 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Science: Chemistry
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/catalysis-communications

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