The importance of the intestinal microbiome, supplementation and dietary treatment in the prevention and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies of reproductive age, the main cause of which is menstrual disorders and female infertility. It is estimated that PCOS affects 10-18% of women. Diagnostics of the PCOS team includes an ultrasound examination (USG) of the abdominal cavity showing characteristic changes, such as enlargement of the ovaries, the protein coat or the occurring follicles. In women diagnosed with PCOS, comorbidities such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, thyroid disease, obesity, and lipid disorders. Therefore, it is best to perform additional tests broadening the clinical picture, i.e. glucose-insulin curve (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index), thyroid panel (TSH, FT3, FT4, anti TPO, anti TG and 25 (OH) D3) and lipid profile (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides). The correct diagnosis of PCOS is often difficult to establish due to the varied clinical picture and unusual symptoms. There is ample scientific evidence that the microbiota of the gut microbiota works on abnormalities in the reproductive system. This finding proved helpful in treatment because the gut microbiota and its metabolites have the ability to regulate the activation of the inflammatory pathway. Nutritional management in polycystic ovary syndrome should be tailored to the individual patient and the symptoms. Treatment of PCOS should be based on wholemeal grain products, rich in fiber, plant-based protein and with a low glycemic index. It is equally important to limit the consumption of trans fats or industrially hardened products. Additional supplementation with vitamins (B6, B12, A, C, D and E) and minerals (folic acid, magnesium, iron) selected individually for the patient and taking into account age, body weight, insulin resistance, procreation status, as well as additional medications taken, will bring positive results from diet therapy. will bring positive results of diet therapy. The use of an appropriate, balanced diet with increased physical activity will have a positive effect on maintaining body weight and improving well-being, and will reduce the symptoms occurring in PCOS.

Keywords

• treatment
• polycystic ovary syndrome
• supplementation
• diet therapy
• intestinal microbiome