Robot-Assisted Lymph Node-to-Vein Anastomosis: Lessons from the First 22 Cases at a High-Volume Lymphatic Supermicrosurgery Center

Abstract

(1) Background: Lymphedema is a common but underrecognized sequela of cancer treatment. Supermicrosurgical procedures such as lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) and, more recently, lymph node-to-vein anastomosis (LNVA) have emerged as effective options for fluid-predominant disease. In 2024, we began performing robot-assisted LNVA using a next-generation microsurgical robot. This study describes our initial experience, technical insights, and the potential for robotics to extend the boundaries of supermicrosurgery. (2) Methods: Twenty-two consecutive robotic LNVAs were performed by a high-volume supermicrosurgeon at a tertiary center. Preoperative imaging with standard and ultra-high frequency ultrasound was used to identify optimal lymph nodes and veins. Robotic LNVA was performed using the Symani Surgical System, with adaptations for motion scaling, ergonomics, and console control. Intraoperative patency was confirmed by direct washout and/or indocyanine green (ICG) transit. (3) Results: All 22 procedures were technically successful, with 100% intraoperative patency. Anastomosis time improved from 37 to 18 min. Robotic assistance enhanced precision, eliminated tremors, and reduced the technical burden of operating at extreme submillimeter scales. (4) Conclusions: Robotic LNVA is safe, feasible, and efficient. It optimizes current techniques, offering the potential to extend surgical access below the 0.1 mm threshold, with implications for future treatment of lymphatic and possibly intracranial disease.

Keywords

• robotic surgery
• lymphedema
• LNVA
• lymphatic reconstruction
• supermicrosurgery
• cancer survivorship