THE EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E LEVELS OF GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID

Abstract

Recent studies indicate that immediate effect of smoking on gingival fluid flow produces a marked transient increase in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), which may be a physiologic result of vasoconstriction and might reflect changes in gingival blood flow and in fluidity of cell membrane (1). Previous evidence demonstrated that gingival blood flow increased during smoking but the changes remained elevated for just 5 min after smoking (2,3). [...]