Efecto de la alimentación natural con organismos del meiobentos marino y biofloc sobre los parámetros de producción en el cultivo de camarón Penaeus vannamei

Abstract

With human population growing, shrimp consumption increases exponentially, which is why the search for new technologies that reduce costs and optimize production is essential. Biofloc systems, composed of bacteria, algae, protozoa, and metazoan, have been considered an efficient alternative as a food supplement in shrimp farming. Furthermore, the supply of meiofauna in crops has positive effects on shrimp growth due to its high protein and polyunsaturated fatty acid content. The effect of natural feeding with marine meiobenthic organisms and biofloc was evaluated on the production parameters in the Penaeus vannamei culture. The test was carried out in the summer season and water quality parameters and productive indicators were analyzed. The initial culture density was 40 postlarvae per 0.18 m2. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four treatments and three replications. In treatment 1 (B), the conventional technology for shrimp culture was used, with dry feed and seawater. In treatment 2 (S) a layer of five centimeters of fine sandy substrate and dry feed were used. In treatment 3 (S-Bf) substrate, biofloc, and dry feed were used. In treatment 4 (B-Bf) biofloc and dry feed were applied. The values of temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia were kept within the optimal parameters for the species. The treatment with the highest final weight was S-Bf (1.17 g) and the one with the lowest weight was B with 0.76 g). The results suggest that the combination of bacterial flocs of the biofloc plus the meiobenthic microinvertebrates can become a strategy to improve the productivity of the culture and maintain the environmental parameters in optimal intervals.

Keywords

• biofloc
• sustratos
• nematodos
• camarón
• substratum
• nematodes
• shrimp