Prevalence, Serotype Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Among Poultry Meat and Eggs in Turkiye: A Meta-analysis

Abstract

Poultry is a well-known reservoir for Salmonella, and therefore numerous outbreaks have been reported among poultry meat products and eggs. This study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence, serotype diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella among poultry meat and eggs sold in Turkiye. For this purpose, international (Web of Science and PubMed) and national (ULAKBIM TR Index) electronic databases were searched using based on relevant keywords in English and Turkish, and out of 1,818 articles, 41 were deemed eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The random effects model was accepted when a substantial heterogeneity was obtained according to Q statistics and the I2 value, however the fixed effects model was assumed valid in the opposite case. The pooled prevalence of Salmonella in chicken parts, chicken carcasses, chicken giblets and eggs were 24.4% [95% confidence interval (CI)=17.8-32.6], 21.9% (95% CI=14.0-32.7), 20.1% (95% CI=10.7-34.6) and 4.8% (95% CI=1.7-13.3), respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most common serotype among eggs, chicken parts and chicken carcasses with the rates of 22.4% (95% CI=3.6-69.3), 19.0% (95% CI=3.3-61.6) and 5.8% (95% CI=2.2-14.4), respectively. The highest pooled antibiotic resistance prevalence of Salmonella spp., regardless of food type, was found in tetracycline (73.9%, 95% CI=51.0-88.5) (p<0.041) and ampicillin (31.5%, 95% CI=20.7-44.6). The high-pooled prevalence of the organism emphasized the potential threat Salmonella poses to public health, and also antibiotic resistance data revealed that the use of tetracyclines, quinolones and penicillin in poultry livestock should be restricted. These results will be of great use in the future epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella spp. presence and antibiotic resistance among poultry meat and eggs in Turkiye.

Keywords

• salmonella
• enteritidis
• infantis
• chicken
• resistance
• teyracycline
• ampicillin