Current Therapies Focused on High-Density Lipoproteins Associated with Cardiovascular Disease
Diego Estrada-Luna,
María Araceli Ortiz-Rodriguez,
Lizett Medina-Briseño,
Elizabeth Carreón-Torres,
Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega,
Ashutosh Sharma,
Juan Carlos Cancino-Díaz,
Oscar Pérez-Méndez,
Helen Belefant-Miller,
Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
Affiliations
Diego Estrada-Luna
Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez” Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
María Araceli Ortiz-Rodriguez
Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, UAEM, Calle Río Iztaccihuatl S/N, Vista Hermosa, 62350 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Lizett Medina-Briseño
Universidad de la Sierra Sur, UNSIS, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, 70800 Oaxaca, Mexico
Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez” Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla, Ex-Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42160 Hidalgo, Mexico
Ashutosh Sharma
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Epigmenio Gonzalez 500, 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
Juan Carlos Cancino-Díaz
Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
Oscar Pérez-Méndez
Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez” Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
Helen Belefant-Miller
Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla, Ex-Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42160 Hidalgo, Mexico
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) comprise a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein particles divided into subclasses that are determined by density, size and surface charge as well as protein composition. Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. HDLs promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and have several atheroprotective functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-thrombosis, and anti-oxidation. HDLs are considered to be atheroprotective because they are associated in serum with paraoxonases (PONs) which protect HDL from oxidation. Polyphenol consumption reduces the risk of chronic diseases in humans. Polyphenols increase the binding of HDL to PON1, increasing the catalytic activity of PON1. This review summarizes the evidence currently available regarding pharmacological and alternative treatments aimed at improving the functionality of HDL-C. Information on the effectiveness of the treatments has contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate plasma levels of HDL-C, thereby promoting the development of more effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases. For that purpose, Scopus and Medline databases were searched to identify the publications investigating the impact of current therapies focused on high-density lipoproteins.
