Sensitivity and specificity of standardised allergen extracts in skin prick test for diagnoses of IgE-mediated respiratory allergies

Abstract

Abstract Background Skin prick tests (SPTs) are essential for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy and are influenced by extract quality, biological potency and concentration of allergen. Methods In this open multicentre study 431 patients, aged 18–64 years were enrolled. Patients had a history of IgE-mediated allergy and a sensitisation (previous positive SPT of any manufacturer) against at least one of the investigated allergens: 6-grass pollen, house dust mite, birch and mugwort pollen. In our study, these allergens were tested in five concentrations each. To establish the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated by comparing the outcome of the SPT with three methods referred to as ‘reference methods’ (specific IgE, clinical case history and a previous SPT). Results For all allergens and reference methods, the area under the ROC curves were highly significant (p < 0.001). Specific IgE reference method resulted in the largest area under the curve (AUC) for all allergens (0.80–0.90) followed by previous SPT (0.70–0.87) and case history (0.65–0.74). Sensitivity of SPT increased with increasing concentration and specificity decreased. For all allergens, compared to specific IgE, the highest sensitivity (specificity at least 80%) was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 Standardised Units (SU)/mL (grass pollen, birch pollen, house dust mite and mugwort). Conclusion In this study, with a large number of patients, it was demonstrated that clinical case history, previous SPT and specific IgE measurement could all be used as reference methods for the assessment of sensitivity/specificity of SPT solutions. The comparison of SPT with specific IgE resulted in the largest AUC. The highest sensitivity was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 SU/mL. Trial registration EudraCT: 2006-005304-14.

Keywords

• IgE-mediated allergy
• Allergen extract
• Skin prick test
• Specific IgE
• ROC analysis
• Inhalant allergy