Vibro-Fluidized Bed Drying of Pumpkin Seeds: Assessment of Mathematical and Artificial Neural Network Models for Drying Kinetics

Abstract

Pumpkin seeds were dried in a vibro-fluidized bed dryer (VFBD) at different temperatures at optimized vibration intensity of 4.26 and 4 m/s air velocity. The drying characteristics were mapped employing semiempirical models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Prediction of drying behavior of pumpkin seeds was done using semiempirical models, of which, one was preferred as it indicated the best statistical indicators. Two-term model showed the best fit of data with R2 − 0.999, and lowest χ2 − 1.03 × 10−4 and MSE 7.55 × 10−5. A feedforward backpropagation ANN model was trained by the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm using a TANSIGMOID activation function with 2-10-2 topology. Performance assessment of ANN showed better prediction of drying behavior with R2 = 0.9967 and MSE = 5.21 × 10−5 for moisture content, and R2 = 0.9963 and MSE = 2.42 × 10−5 for moisture ratio than mathematical models. In general, the prediction of drying kinetics and other drying parameters was more precise in the ANN technique as compared to semiempirical models. The diffusion coefficient, Biot number, and hm increased from 1.12 × 10−9 ± 3.62 × 10−10 to 1.98 × 10−9 ± 4.61 × 10−10 m2/s, 0.51 ± 0.01 to 0.60 ± 0.01, and 1.49 × 10−7 ± 4.89 × 10−8 to 3.10 × 10−7 ± 7.13 × 10−8 m/s, respectively, as temperature elevated from 40 to 60°C. Arrhenius’s equation was used to the obtain the activation energy of 32.71 ± 1.05 kJ/mol.