Effects of Imazapyr on <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> and Soil Bacterial Communities in a Mangrove Wetland

Abstract

The invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) has caused serious damage to coastal wetland ecosystems in China, especially the mangrove wetlands in South China. This study aimed to validate the effect of imazapyr on S. alterniflora and soil. The controlled experiment was conducted in May 2021 at the Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Wetland Reserve. In the experiment, 25% (W) imazapyr was used, and six treatments were set up: 3035, 6070, and 9105 mL/acre 25% imazapyr and 1299, 2604, and 5202 mL/acre of AGE 809 + 6070 mL/acre 25% imazapyr. The results showed no side effects on mangrove plants in the spraying area. The highest control efficiency (95.9%) was given by 2604 mL/acre of AGE 809 + 6070 mL/acre 25% imazapyr. The residues of imazapyr in different soils were reduced to 0.10–0.59 mg/kg. The sequencing results showed no significant difference in the overall bacterial communities under different treatments (p > 0.05). The soil bacterial diversity in the samples with adjuvant was higher than that in the samples without adjuvant, while the abundance values were the opposite. There were 10 main communities (>0.3%) at phylum level in all soil samples, among which Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloflexi, and Actinobacteria were the dominant communities, and the latter four’s abundance changed significantly (p S. alterniflora. The best recommendation is 2604 mL/acre of AGE 809 + 6070 mL/acre 25% imazapyr to be applied in China’s mangrove wetland reserves and coastal wetlands.

Keywords

• imazapyr
• mangrove wetland
• soil bacterial diversity and community structure
• soil physicochemical properties
• <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>