Рharmacogenetic Aspects of Metformin Action in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a slowly-progressive polygenic metabolic disorder resulting from ineffective insulin cascading in the body. The goals of the treatment strategies for T2DM are to minimize long-term micro- and macrovascular complications by achieving an optimized glycemic control. Metformin is a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. However, the glycemic response to metformin is quite variable. Some patients still have a high glucose level while receiving metformin as well as have serious side effects. Inter-individual variability in response to metformin is due to polymorphisms in genes encoding drug receptors, transporters, and metabolizing enzymes for example, genetic variants in solute carrier transporters (SLC22A1-3, SLC47A1 and SLC47A2) actively involved in glycemic management of metformin.

Keywords

• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• мetformin
• gene polymorphism