Clinical Phytoscience (Apr 2018)
Neuromodulatory effect of solvent fractions of Africa eggplant (Solanium dadyphyllum) against KCN-induced mitochondria damage, viz. NADH-succinate dehydrogenase, NADH- cytochrome c reductase, and succinate-cytochrome c reductase
Abstract
Abstract Background In the past few years, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of plant-based health supplements with respect to their safety and efficacy in diseases treatment and prevention. Solanum dasyphyllum, also known as Africa eggplant is ethnomedicinally used as an antivenom, pain reliever and anticonvulsant in various part of Nigeria, however, there is no scientific data to support some of these claims. Methods This study evaluated the protective effect of solvent fractions of Solanum dasyphyllum, hexane fraction of S. dasyphyllum (HFSD), dichloromethane fraction of S. dasyphyllum (DFSD), ethylacetate fraction of S. dasyphyllum (EAFSD), methanolic fraction of S. dasyphyllum (MFSD) and crude fraction of S. dasyphyllum (CFSD) on cyanide-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in vitro in the cerebral cortex. Neuroprotective activities were evaluated by assaying for markers of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and electron transport system enzymes via evaluating lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl (PC), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), NADH-succinate dehydrogenase (NSD), NADH-cytochrome c reductase (NCR), and succinate-cytochrome c reductase (SCR) in the homogenate of cerebral cortex. Results The results showed that all solvent fractions of S. dasyphyllum significantly ameliorated cyanide-induced oxidative stress (P < 0.05). It inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase-HFSD (68.42 ± 5.37%), DFSD (36.32 ± 5.45%), EFA (20 ± 0.69%), MFSD (33.16 ± 4.8%) and CFSD (35.79 ± 2.8%), increased the activity of NSD [HFSD (94.74 ± 7.3%), EAFSD (78.95 ± 5.4%) and CFSD (60.53 ± 4.6%)], while DFSD (− 5.26 ± 1.4%) and MFSD (− 7.9 ± 0.4%) had a negative effect, increased the activity of NCR [HFSD (91.89 ± 7.1%), DFSD (90.54 ± 8.2%), EAFSD (62.16 ± 4.7%); MFSD (306.76 ± 7.2%) and CFSD (154.0 ± 8.1%)]. All the solvent fractions also significantly increased the activity of SCR [HFSD (70.59 ± 3.8%), EAFSD (58.82 ± 6.4%), MFSD (88.24 ± 9.0%) CFSD (76.47 ± 8.2%)] apart from DFSD (− 5.88 ± 1.2%) in rat cerebral cortex. Conclusion This result shows that S. dasyphyllum has neuroprotective activities, however HFSD shows the most potent bioactivities in maintaining mitochondria integrity by preserving the electron transport system. Further work can be done on isolating and characterizing the bioactive compound in HFSD for novel natural product in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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