Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции (Sep 2018)
ABOUT THE MORPHOLOGY OF BUD SCALES AND CATAPHYLLS OF ULMUS GLABRA HUDS. (ULMACEAE)
Abstract
Background. Specific features of plant development and mechanisms ensuring such processes are expressly linked with the structure of buds and hence the leaf series formed on lateral shoots.Materials and methods. The material of the study was the shoots of the second to fifth orders of nineteen plant samples in their generative age (G1, G2) grown in the well-lighted habitats in the Park of Petrozavodsk and the Park of Komarovo Town (St. Petersburg). All buds on vegetative and vegetative-generative shoots (more than 250) were investigated. The leaf organs of the formed seventy-nine vegetative buds of Ulmus glabra Huds. were consistently disassembled and measured under an MBS-9 binocular. The analysis of the development of bud scales in unfolding buds made it possible to observe structural features unavailable in a static study of buds. Results and conclusions. The growth of the leaf organs in a series was found to occur in different ways. Almost completely suberized external scales represented a thickly grown leaf base fused with poorly developed stipules. The scales from the first to the fourth did not grow at all when the bud was unfolding. The fifth and the sixth scales showed weak intercalary growth during the unfolding. The tips of the seventh up to the tenth scales were weakly suberized and had two blades which formed a cap covering the tip of the bud. The scale which preceded the emergence of a leaf sprout with a leaf blade had on its tip pronounced lobes and a depression between them with a rounded bottom and hairs along the edge. It was followed by a sprout with large separated stipules, an almost unpronounced leaf base and a differentiated leaf blade; hence, there is a threshold in the differentiation of leaf sprouts. In the axil of each growing scale, a small dormant bud was set. Thus, the number of leaf organs on a shoot after unfolding was 10-15, while the leaves of the middle formation did not exceed 3-5, and besides only one growth period was observed in a majority of U. glabra plants in their generative age state. Using U. glabra as an example, the performance of the threshold mechanism within the genetic program of vegetative shoot development was demonstrated.
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