Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities
D. Wade Abbott,
Inga Marie Aasen,
Karen A. Beauchemin,
Fredrik Grondahl,
Robert Gruninger,
Maria Hayes,
Sharon Huws,
David A. Kenny,
Sophie J. Krizsan,
Stuart F. Kirwan,
Vibeke Lind,
Ulrich Meyer,
Mohammad Ramin,
Katerina Theodoridou,
Dirk von Soosten,
Pamela J. Walsh,
Sinéad Waters,
Xiaohui Xing
Affiliations
D. Wade Abbott
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
Inga Marie Aasen
Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
Karen A. Beauchemin
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
Fredrik Grondahl
Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
Robert Gruninger
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
Maria Hayes
Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin 15, Ireland
Sharon Huws
Queens University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, BT7 1NN Co., Antrim, Ireland
David A. Kenny
Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co., Meath, Ireland
Sophie J. Krizsan
Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
Stuart F. Kirwan
Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co., Meath, Ireland
Vibeke Lind
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Post Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
Ulrich Meyer
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Mohammad Ramin
Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
Katerina Theodoridou
Queens University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, BT7 1NN Co., Antrim, Ireland
Dirk von Soosten
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Pamela J. Walsh
Queens University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, BT7 1NN Co., Antrim, Ireland
Sinéad Waters
Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co., Meath, Ireland
Xiaohui Xing
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.
