Crimean autochthonous grape varieties as a factor of high-quality winemaking in a changing climate

Abstract

An increase in ambient temperature affects the quality of wines, which is largely due to a change in the metabolism of phenolic substances in grapes. A possible solution to the problem is the use of autochthonous varieties adapted to unfavorable conditions. The influence of agroecological conditions of 4 vineyards on the phenolic complex of the Crimean grape variety ‘Kokur Belyi’ has been studied. Methods of geoinformation and mathematical modeling, HPLC were used. It is established: vineyards differ in heat resources in the row: Vilino < Privetnoe < Solnechnaya Dolina < Morskoe. An increase in the heat supply of territories caused the accumulation of phenolic acids, flavonols, (+)-D-catechine and procyanidins B4 in grape seeds and a decrease in the content of phenolic acids, (-)-epicatechine, procyanidins B3 in skin and pulp. The highest content of procyanidins in seeds and the lowest content of monomeric phenolic components in skin and pulp was determined in grapes from the village of Morskoye. Grapes from Vilino contain 3.7 times less procyanidins in the seeds, 6.5 and 3.6 times more monomeric components in the skin and pulp. Conclusion: the heat supply of vineyards contributes to both the biosynthesis of monomeric phenolic components and their polymerization during the ripening of grapes, leads to a significant differentiation of the phenolic complex of grapes ‘Kokur Belyi’.