Cross-sensory modulation in a future top predator, the young Nile crocodile

Abstract

Animals routinely receive information through different sensory channels, and inputs from a modality may modulate the perception and behavioural reaction to others. In spite of their potential adaptive value, the behavioural correlates of this cross-sensory modulation have been poorly investigated. Due to their predator life, crocodilians deal with decisional conflicts emerging from concurrent stimuli. By testing young Crocodylus niloticus with sounds in the absence or presence of chemical stimuli, we show that (i) the prandial (feeding) state modulates the responsiveness of the animal to a congruent, i.e. food-related olfactory stimulus, (ii) the prandial state alters the responsiveness to an incongruent (independent of food) sound, (iii) fasted, but not sated, crocodiles display selective attention to socially relevant sounds over noise in presence of food odour. Cross-sensory modulation thus appears functional in young Nile crocodiles. It may contribute to decision making in the wild, when juveniles use it to interact acoustically when foraging.

Keywords

• acoustic
• olfaction
• cross-sensory modulation
• behaviour
• prandial state
• playback