Biology (Jan 2023)

Potential Utilization of Bacterial Consortium of Symbionts Marine Sponges in Removing Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals, Review

  • Ismail Marzuki,
  • Rosmiati Rosmiati,
  • Akhmad Mustafa,
  • Sahabuddin Sahabuddin,
  • Tarunamulia Tarunamulia,
  • Endang Susianingsih,
  • Erfan Andi Hendrajat,
  • Andi Sahrijanna,
  • Muslimin Muslimin,
  • Erna Ratnawati,
  • Kamariah Kamariah,
  • Khairun Nisaa,
  • Susila Herlambang,
  • Sri Gunawan,
  • Idum Satia Santi,
  • Bambang Heri Isnawan,
  • Ernawati Syahruddin Kaseng,
  • Early Septiningsih,
  • Ruzkiah Asaf,
  • Admi Athirah,
  • Basri Basri

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12010086
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 1
p. 86

Abstract

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Toxic materials in waste generally contain several components of the global trending pollutant category, especially PAHs and heavy metals. Bioremediation technology for waste management that utilizes microorganisms (bacteria) has not been fully capable of breaking down these toxic materials into simple and environmentally friendly chemical products. This review paper examines the potential application of a consortium of marine sponge symbionts with high performance and efficiency in removing PAHs and heavy metal contaminants. The method was carried out through a review of several related research articles by the author and published by other researchers. The results of the study conclude that the development of global trending pollutant (GTP) bioremediation technology could be carried out to increase the efficiency of remediation. Several types of marine sponge symbiont bacteria, hydrocarbonoclastic (R-1), metalloclastic (R-2), and metallo-hydro-carbonoclastic (R-3), have the potential to be applied to improve waste removal performance. A consortium of crystalline bacterial preparations is required to mobilize into GTP-exposed sites rapidly. Bacterial symbionts of marine sponges can be traced mainly to sea sponges, whose body surface is covered with mucus.

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