Zbornik Radova Građevinskog Fakulteta (Jan 2024)
Geodetic utilization of terrestrial laser scanners
Abstract
The ancient aspiration of geodesists and astronomers, rooted in ancient Greece, aimed to comprehend the world's magnificence. Today, with virtual atlases facilitating planetary exploration, the world is accessible at our fingertips. Laser scanning, an efficient method for 3D modelling, has revolutionized data collection, processing, and visualization. This encompasses a master's thesis on scanning the Clinical Center of Serbia, regulated for laser device design, operation, and maintenance across diverse sectors. Terrestrial laser scanning, evolving since the 1990s, has seen a surge in 3D modelling applications. Notably, in traffic accident reconstruction, it swiftly clears debris while providing a comprehensive three-dimensional representation. Despite challenges like scanning vehicle surfaces with metallic paints, the precision of data makes it suitable for reconstruction purposes. LIDAR technology, developed over four decades, is now integral in forestry for assessing terrain beneath forest structures, generating digital terrain models, tree heights, and forest structure information. The principle of laser scanner operation lies in measuring polar coordinates and distances to specific points in space. Scanners come in three types-camera, panoramic, and hybrid scanners-each with unique characteristics. Terrestrial scanners, classified by distance measurement methods (pulse, phase, triangulation), enable rapid data capture with higher density than total stations. The Leica ScanStation P30, employed in scanning the Clinical Center of Serbia, offers high-quality 3D data with exceptional speed and accuracy. Utilizing backward intersection methods and Leica TS11 total station for marking, the scanner captured the facility's exterior in 2022. Data processing in CYCLONE resulted in highly detailed 3D models, and the .imp format allows portable and adaptable changes without losing essential information. Laser scanning has transcended ancient dreams, providing a transformative tool for understanding and representing our world's intricate details. The application spans diverse fields, from geodesy and traffic accident reconstruction to forestry and facility modelling, with advanced technologies like LIDAR and instruments like the Leica ScanStation P30 pushing the boundaries of data collection and processing in three-dimensional space.
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