Freemasonry in pre-revolutionary France (1773–1789)

Abstract

The article examines the events of the Masonic history of pre-revolutionary France. The author focuses on the formation of national structures of French Freemasonry. The participation of the ruling dynasty in the process of transformation of the “English” lodges into the structures of the Grand Orient of France is noted. The efforts of Masonic leaders on the eve of the French revolution are characterized.

Keywords

• freemasonry
• new english freemasonry
• bourbons
• grand orient of france
• french revolution