Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry (Jun 2022)
The Impact of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Levels of Dickkopf-Related Protein-1 in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Periodontitis: A Prospective Comparative Study
Abstract
Ehab Azab,1 Alaa Attia,1,2 Wael Yaghmoor,1 Salwa Aldahlawi,1 Abdel-Rahman Youssef1,3 1Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt; 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptCorrespondence: Ehab Azab, Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Prince Sultan Road, Makkah, 21421, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 12 527 0000, Email [email protected]: This study aimed to evaluate and compare Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK1) serum levels and periodontal clinical parameters of smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis at baseline and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment.Patients and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted among 24 patients with periodontitis who were divided according to the smoking habits into two groups: nonsmokers (G1) and smokers (G2). All the participants were assessed clinically by recording the probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI), and immunologically by measuring the DKK1 serum levels at baseline and six weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.Results: The two groups showed a significant decrease in PI, BI, and CAL after periodontal therapy (p < 0.05), while PD was significantly reduced in G1 (p = 0.005). The PI mean value was significantly higher at the baseline in G2 versus G1 (p = 0.050), while PD, BI, and CAL values were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.056, p = 0.241, and p = 0.381, respectively). For DKK1 serum levels, there was a statistically significant decrease after treatment compared to the baseline for both groups (G1: p < 0.001; G2: p < 0.001) but no significant difference before (p = 0.131) and six weeks after treatment (p = 0.334) between the two groups.Conclusion: Although nonsurgical periodontal treatment effectively improved periodontal clinical parameters and reduced DKK1 serum levels, there were no significant differences in the DKK1 serum levels among the smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis.Keywords: periodontitis, dickkopf-related protein-1, periodontal therapy, Wnt signaling, bone cells
