Modern Understanding of the Gut Microbiotа in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world. Despite the long struggle with this nosology, the medical community still does not have a clear answer to all the pathogenetic links of this disease. Every year, the number of sugar-lowering medications increases, but most patients develop complications of diabetes. This is probably because not all aspects of the pathogenesis of DM have yet been studied, and therefore it is impossible to fully influence the course of this disease. One of the promising directions in the study of additional aspects of the pathogenesis of DM is the study of the gut microbiota of patients. Science knows the influence of microflora on the formation of eating behavior, various pathological processes, including inflammation, but this knowledge is limited. What influences the microflora itself and whether it is possible to change its composition with the help of changes in external factors? Additional research is required on the mutual influence of microflora and host organism, as well as the possibility of correcting these interactions. Several studies have confirmed the positive effect of lactobacilli on the physiological processes of the body. However, the human gut microbiota is very diverse, and the question of identifying bacteria that can participate and correct pathological processes requires additional research. Probably, if it is possible to influence the composition of the gut microbiota, the medical community can get a powerful tool for correcting many pathological conditions. It may be that this component is the missing component necessary for a more accurate impact in the treatment of many diseases, including diabetes.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus
• gut microbiota
• strain
• inflammation
• adipose tissue