Економіка, управління та адміністрування (Dec 2020)
Innovative activity in Ukraine and Poland: state, features and prospects
Abstract
The state and peculiarities of innovation activity in Ukraine and Poland, common and distinctive features of such activity are substantiated on the basis of the comparative analysis, and also the possible prospects of increase of efficiency and further development of realization of innovation processes are outlined. The conducted research testifies to features and essential difference in separate indicators of innovative activity of the enterprises of the investigated countries. In particular, in 2016–2018, the share of innovatively active enterprises in the sector of industrial enterprises in Poland was 26,1 %, and in the sector of services – 21,0 %. As for Ukraine, the share of innovative enterprises in the industrial sector from 2010 to 2018 increased by 2,6 %, but for the period 2016–2018 decreased – from 18,9 to 16,4 % of the total number of industrial enterprises. During 2018, the research and development in Ukraine was performed by 950 organizations (the lowest number in the period 2010–2018), 48,1 % of which belonged to the public sector of the economy, 36,9 % – business and 14,9 % – higher education. The dynamics of changes in domestic expenditures on R&D in the compared countries shows that over the past three years, the analyzed indicator in Poland has grown by almost 43 %, while in Ukraine - by 45,5 percentage points, respectively. But compared to 2010, the volume of domestic expenditures for R&D increased almost 2,5 times in Poland, while – 2,1 times in Ukraine. Thus, we observe the acceleration in recent years of the growth rate of domestic expenditures on R&D in Ukraine, which is a positive factor. Less optimistic is the situation in Ukraine with the share of total expenditures in GDP – in 2017 it was 0,45 percentage points. A similar figure in the EU-28 averaged 2,06 percentage points (which is 4,5 times higher than in Ukraine). The analysis allows us to conclude that while maintaining the current trends in the number of performers and researchers involved in innovation, our country will not have very optimistic forecasts for improving innovation.
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