International Journal of Nanomedicine (Jan 2022)

Plasma SiOx:H Nanocoatings to Enhance the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Biomaterials

  • Han Y,
  • Yu Q,
  • Dong X,
  • Hou J,
  • Han J

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 17
pp. 381 – 394

Abstract

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Ye Han,1 Qingsong Yu,2 Xiaoqing Dong,3 Jianxia Hou,1,* Jianmin Han4,* 1Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; 3Marketing Department, PlasmaDent Inc., Columbia, MO, USA; 4Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jianmin Han; Jianxia Hou, Tel +86-10-82195746; +86-13683696349, Fax +86-10-62164691; +86-10-82195496Email [email protected]; [email protected]: To evaluate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of SiOx:H nanocoatings using a plasma-deposition technique.Materials and Methods: Four groups of SiOx:H nanocoatings were prepared by plasma nanocoating technique using different deposition gases and durations, specifically trimethylsilane (TMS) for groups A1 and A2 and a mixture of TMS and oxygen for groups B1 and B2. Changes in surface chemistry and physical properties were measured. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were cultured on plasma SiOx:H nanocoatings to evaluate antibacterial and antibiofilm formation activities. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and HaCaT human keratinocytes were cultured and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cell viability was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory properties, including the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines.Results: The carbon content was dominant in group A nanocoatings and the oxygen and silicon elements were dominant in group B nanocoatings. Groups A2 and B2 were approximately threefold thicker than groups A1 and B1. The plasma SiOx:H nanocoatings decreased bacterial growth and biofilm formation by 30– 70% (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed damaged biofilm structures. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of group B were greater than group A, and the antibacterial properties of groups A2 and B2 were more effective than A1 and B1, respectively. CCK-8 assays revealed the plasma SiOx:H nanocoatings had good biocompatibility. Furthermore, under TNF-α-induced inflammation, the mRNA and protein levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were downregulated in the plasma SiOx:H nanocoating groups (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Plasma SiOx:H nanocoatings exerted antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects with excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the plasma SiOx:H nanocoating technique has potential for implant materials and other medical devices.Keywords: plasma SiOx:H nanocoating technique, biomaterial-related infection, bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, anti-inflammation

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